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Diabetes/Prediabetes/Hypoglycemia

(2.09) The Relationship between Diabetes Mellitus, Pneumonia, and Acute Coronary Syndrome

Thursday, May 9, 2024
10:45 AM – 11:00 AM CDT
Location: ePoster Showcase, Empire Ballroom Foyer, Level 2
Objective : Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and pneumonia are major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The infection risk could increase in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). DM patients hospitalized with ACS had a higher mortality rate. DM had a close relationship with pneumonia and ACS and is said to become the risk factor for both diseases.

Methods:

This is a cross-sectional study collecting data from medical records of ACS with pneumonia patients hospitalized in Intensive Coronary Care Unit (ICCU) who met the inclusion criteria from January 2017 until December 2022. The study received ethical clearance from Fatmawati Central General Hospital Health Research Ethical Committee.

Results: A total of 234 patients with ACS with pneumonia were included in this study

and 41.0% of them had

DM.

Baseline characteristics of participants in this study  were predominantly

males

(57.2%), elderly (64.1%), overweight and obese (50.4%), diagnosed as Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarct (NSTEMI) (84.6%), and having at least one comorbidity (53.8%). Presence of congestive heart failure (CHF) is similar in both groups (28.1% vs. 29.0%) while chronic kidney disease (CKD) was more prevalent among patients with DM (16.7% vs. 11.6%). However, proportion of. dual comorbidities (CHF and CKD) were more prevalent in non-DM group (14.5% vs 10.4%). No difference of median length of stay (8 days with 1-22 days and 2-27 days in DM and non-DM groups, respectively. Proportion of mortality were comparable in both groups (10.4% vs. 10.9% in DM and non-DM groups, respectively).  This study also observed higher proportion of ACS with pneumonia in patients below 60 years-old in DM groups 39.6% vs. 33.3%). Correlation analysis found no statistical difference in this study for any parameter observed.

Discussion/Conclusion:

The characteristics of DM and non-DM patients in ACS and pneumonia patients are quite similar. DM was not shown to be a major risk factor for pneumonia in ACS patients admitted to intensive care coronary unit in our hospital. In DM groups, higher proportion of ACS with pneumonia were observed in those who were below 60 years and had CKD. Results of this study merits further investigation in larger cohort prospective studies for this specific population.